Definisyon ak kalite fim chofaj elektrik
The gist of this lecture: Electric heating film is a sub-category in the electric heating product system, and it is a new type of electric heating product. There is no unified definition and classification of electric heating film at present. The author has written a definition of electric heating film and divided electric heating film into four types according to the material of the heating body. This lecture focuses on the definition and classification of electric heating films involved in the standard discussion draft of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development's "Low-temperature Radiation Electric Heating Film", and mainly expounds the definition and classification of electric heating films. The heating materials of four types of electric heating film, such as carbon fiber and polymer", and the corresponding production and processing technology of electric heating film are introduced.
1. Definition of electric heating film
Electric heating film is an electric heating element that directly converts electric energy into heat energy. Like electric heating pipes, electric heating rods, electric heating plates, electric heaters, rice cookers, induction cookers, etc., it is an integral part of a huge family of electric heating products. But the difference is that the electric heating film is still a relatively new product category in China, the application history is only about ten years, and the application field is far less extensive than other electric heating products, so people's knowledge and understanding of the electric heating film have not reached degree of popularity.
Electric heating film, English name "hot film" or "electrothermal film", Japanese name "plane heating body". It is difficult to find the exact definition of electric heating film in textbooks and dictionaries at home and abroad. In the past few years, the definition of electric heating film in China was mostly based on the promotional materials of electric heating film manufacturers, mainly carbon-based printing ink electric heating film, such as: "Electric heating film" The film is a translucent polyester film that can generate heat after being energized. It is made of conductive special ink, metal current-carrying strips, and hot-pressed between insulating polyester films." The name in the project initiation report of the construction industry standard is also "Low Temperature Radiation Polyester Electric Heating Film", which obviously also refers to the carbon-based printing ink electric heating film, which was later changed to "Low Temperature Radiation Electric Heating Film". In recent years, with the technological progress and large-scale production and market application of various types of electric heating films, people have the opportunity to gradually understand and understand various types of electric heating films. one of the issues discussed.
2. Classification of electric heating film
According to incomplete statistics, there are more than a dozen products called electric heating film on the market at present, and there are more than 20 types of electric heating film products in addition to similar products with electric heating film structure and other names. In the 10th issue of "Heating and Refrigeration" in 2006, the author proposed for the first time in China to classify the electric heating film according to the material of the heating element, and divided the electric heating film into "printing ink type, carbon fiber type, metal wire (sheet) type, conductive polymer type. "Material type" and other four types are hereinafter referred to as quartiles). In the "Low Temperature Radiation Electric Heating Film" standard consultation draft, the electric heating film is divided into two categories: metal-based and non-metallic-based (hereinafter referred to as the two-point method), and the non-metal-based electric heating film is subdivided into carbon fiber, carbon-based ink and polymer. Three types.
Pa gen okenn diferans esansyèl ant metòd de-pwen ak metòd kat-pwen fim chofaj elektrik la, men fim chofaj elektrik ki pa {-metal- ki baze sou se konsidere kòm premye klas la, ak lòt twa kalite fim chofaj elektrik eksepte baz metal la yo konsidere kòm nivo segondè li yo, se sa ki, dezyèm klas la. Pa gen okenn erè nan relasyon lojik la, men dikotomi a mete aksan sou materyèl metal ak febli estati lòt materyèl, pandan y ap pwogrè teknolojik nan nouvo materyèl, ki gen ladan materyèl elektwotèmik, trè vit. Nan fason sa a, lavni ki pa-metal-elektrotèmik ki baze sou Kalite segondè manbràn yo ap kontinye ogmante, epi li pa posib ke manbràn elektwotèmik ki baze sou metal-yo pral rklase pou yon konsiderab. peryòd de tan, ki pral fòme de kategori
The serious imbalance of members of the electric heating film family, that is, the non-metal-based electric heating film has a huge family and has even reached the third and fourth levels, while the metal-based electric heating film still has only one member. Moreover, the dichotomy method refers to the classification of infrared radiant heaters by radiation matrix in the national standard "Experimental Methods for Infrared Radiant Heaters" (GB/T7287-2008). The classification of infrared radiant heaters is used for electric heating films, and the classification of infrared radiant heaters itself is also debatable. , for example: "Semiconductor heaters" in the type of non-metallic infrared heaters obviously include "ceramic, enamel, high silicon, zircon sand heaters", etc. "Mylar heater" may of course also be an encapsulated metal-based heat-generating material, that is, a "metal-based heater".
In addition to the above two-point method and four-point method, most of the electric heating film manufacturers name their products from different angles, and some define the electric heating film by covering the insulation material of the electric heating film, such as: polyimide electric heating film, silicon (rubber ) glue electric heating film, mica electric heating film, PET electric heating film; some are defined by the power density of the electric heating film, such as low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature electric heating film; some define the electric heating film by emphasizing the concept of radiant heat, such as: radiant electric heating film, far infrared Electric heating film; some emphasize the particle size of the heating body, such as: nano electric heating film, carbon nano electric heating film; there are also "ecological electric heating film", "electric heating film", which define electric heating from the environmental protection characteristics of electric heating film and the application method of floor heating. membrane. In the past two years, the relatively loud "silicon crystal, carbon crystal electric heating film" and the recently appeared "high (super) carbon crystal electric heating film", which have been commonly called in Shanghai, Sichuan, Chongqing, Wuhan and other places, etc., according to the author's investigation and After communicating with relevant manufacturers, it can be concluded that this type of electric heating film is a carbon fiber electric heating film.
Kabòn Fib Enfrawouj Chauffage Tib--Entwodiksyon
Entwodiksyon nan klasifikasyon nan chofaj elektrik
Definisyon ak kalite fim chofaj elektrik
Prensip estriktirèl ak karakteristik nan seche senti may
6-règleman etap pou itilize san danje nan aparèy chofaj elektrik lwil oliv ki pwèv eksplozyon
Bon sans nan tib chofaj elektrik
Thermal film". The name of carbon crystal is unscientific.
The author believes that it is more scientific to classify and name the electric heating film with the heating material as the main body, because the heating material determines the characteristics of the electric heating film, and the definition of the electric heating film by the heating material can be used by people with certain science and engineering knowledge and other non-professionals. It is easier to understand and understand the basic characteristics of different types of electric heating films from the root, and it also avoids the attempts of manufacturers to achieve their own goals through vague concepts. Of course, just like the definition of the electric heating film, after the "Low Temperature Radiation Electric Heating Film" standard is approved, the manufacturer will naturally follow the classification of the electric heating film on the standard to name its own products.
Konfizyon nan klasifikasyon fim tèmik yo pral tou kwape nan yon sèten limit.
Sa ki anba la yo se karakteristik pèfòmans debaz yo nan kat kalite materyèl chofaj fim elektwotèmik, teknoloji pwodiksyon ak pwosesis ak fim nan elektwotèmik korespondan ki parèt ansanm nan metòd la dikotomik ak metòd la kat -pwen. Yon entwodiksyon.
Carbon-based printing ink type electric heating film Heating material: graphite, metal powder, metal oxide
Pwosesis pwodiksyon kabòn-ki baze sou enprime lank elektrik chofaj fim se fè materyèl chofaj pi wo a-mansyone yo ansanm ak lòt file nan lank-tankou sispansyon, epi enprime li quantitativeman sou polyestè a. fim pre-lye ak kouran metal-pote bann (tankou elektwòd) pa pwosesis enprime ekran. , ak Lè sa a, kouvri ak fim Polyester yo fòme yon estrikti posibilite, kidonk li rele tou yon lank enprime fim chofaj elektrik. Se kontwòl pouvwa a nan sa a kalite fim chofaj elektrik sitou reyalize nan konpozisyon an nan keratin a, epesè a ak espas nan bann lank yo.
Nwayo teknik nan fim nan chofaj elektrik ki baze sou kabòn-lank enprime se pwodiksyon ak teknoloji pwosesis keratin lan. Kounye a, gen anpil manifakti keratin lank ki baze sou kabòn-ak plis pase yon douzèn manifakti fim lank chofaj elektrik ki baze sou kabòn- nan peyi Lachin. Mak etranje yo domine pa Etazini ak Kore di sid.
Metal heating film Heating material: pure metal or metal alloy material
Pwosesis pwodiksyon metal-fim chofaj elektrik ki baze sou se premye fè metal la oswa materyèl alyaj metal eleman chofaj la nan yon papye metal, lyezon li sou fim nan Polyester pou fè yon kous rezistans, ak Lè sa a, rad li. ak yon kouch fim Polyester pou fòme yon estrikti posibilite. Materyèl chofaj elektrik metal yo itilize souvan yo se kwiv, nikèl, kwiv-nikèl, fè-chromium-aliminyòm ak sou sa. Diferan metal yo ak materyèl alyaj metal yo gen diferan rezistans, se sa ki, konduktiviti elektrik. Dapre sa a, diferan materyèl chofaj metal yo ka chwazi ak diferan sikui rezistans yo ka fèt dapre diferan vòltaj k ap travay ak kondisyon pouvwa pou chak zòn inite. Diferans nan materyèl metal yo pral afekte tou dirèkteman pèfòmans eleman chofaj la (tankou kapasite anti-oksidasyon)
ak pri.
Carbon fiber heating film Heating material: carbon fiber
Carbon fiber is made of raw material fiber with high carbon content (usually more than 90 percent ), placed in an inert gas, and subjected to thermal stable oxidation at 200-300 degree , carbonization and graphitization at 1000-2000 degree . According to different basic raw materials, carbon fibers can be divided into polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based, pitch-based and viscose-based carbon fibers. Among them, PAN-based carbon fibers account for 90 percent of the world's carbon fiber production. At present, the world's carbon fiber technology is mainly mastered in Japan. , while the production processes of most other carbon fiber companies are still in the process of continuous improvement. The main carbon fiber raw materials used in the production of carbon fiber electric heating film in China
Enpòte soti nan konpayi Japonè.
Carbon fiber has high temperature resistance, abrasion resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. Carbon fiber can be combined with resin, metal, ceramics and other matrices to form a variety of composite materials, which are used in aerospace, automobile, oil drilling, sports and medical equipment and other fields.
Using the conductive properties of carbon fiber to make it into an electric heating material, it can be divided into two types: carbon fiber heating cable and carbon fiber heating film according to the structure of the heating body. Among them, carbon fiber electric heating film is divided into non-uniform linear carbon fiber electric heating film produced by textile process directly using carbon fiber filament (small tow or large tow) as warp or weft through textile process, and the carbon fiber filament is cut into Disturbed short fibers are mixed with pulp to form carbon fiber electric heating paper by papermaking process. Different power densities can be obtained by adjusting the carbon fiber ratio. According to the application and insulation grade requirements, the carbon fiber electric heating film is formed by covering with different insulating materials.
Polymer electric heating film Heating material: conductive polymer material.
Pwosesis pwodiksyon an se premye fè sentèz fonksyonèl polymère kondiktif materyèl konpoze lè l sèvi avèk diferan metòd konsepsyon molekilè, ak inifòmman rad materyèl polymère kondiktif ki anwo yo sou substra elektwòd pre-enplante a pa flite oswa pwosesis kouch vigil pou fòme yon fim chofaj elektrik toutouni. . Se fim nan chofaj elektrik polymère ki fòme pa kouvri ak diferan materyèl posibilite.
The polymer electric heatin
g fim te fèt nan Japon. Se dansite pouvwa a nan fim nan chofaj elektrik polymère reyalize pa ajiste degre nan polymérisation nan materyèl la kò chofaj, kantite ak pwopòsyon nan gwoup polè pozitif ak negatif, ak kantite chaj gratis, olye ke ajoute oswa soustraksyon kantite lajan an kouch.
Although the types of electric heating films are different, they all contain three common parts, such as heating element, electrode and insulating layer. The difference is that the metal-based electric heating film and the carbon-based ink electric heating film are directly hot-pressed between the insulating polyester films, while the carbon fiber and polymer electric heating films are coated with the heating material on the substrate, and then covered with insulating materials.
Different types of electrothermal films have different electrothermal properties and application properties due to their different heating materials and different production and processing techniques, such as: the limit value of power density, the thermal stability and thermal uniformity of the heating element, and the resistance to heat. Oxidation and aging ability, power attenuation, cracking and swelling, etc., and these characteristics directly determine the most suitable application field of the product and the technological requirements for application and construction as a heating element material.